Om Namah Shivaya

Om Namah Shivaya

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Showing posts with label Pranayam. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pranayam. Show all posts

Sep 6, 2011

READER : Paul Brunton - The man who brought the best to the west: The Secret Path


The Secret Path - Paul Brunton

One of the very interesting books, I read from yester years is "The Secret Path" by Paul Brunton (October 21, 1898 - July 2, 1981) who was a British philosopher, mystic, traveler, and guru and the book I am discussing here was first published in 1934. It’s an interesting book which gives a simple path of attaining many powerful things through the power of Meditations.

If Brunton can not be credited with introducing Yoga to the West because of the existence of other previous luminaries such as BlavatskyVivekananda and Yogananda, at least he holds a preeminent position in bringing to the West the best the Orient has to offer: the doctrine of Mentalism. No other writer but Brunton has declared Mentalism to be the esoteric doctrine of the Orient. Brunton is also the only writer to differentiate Oriental Mentalism from Berkeley's.

As the theory of relativity, according to Einstein, brings space and time together so does mentalism unite spirit and matter; this phenomenon is explained by Brunton as being inherent in imagination.

Paul Brunton expounds the doctrine of mentalism in his magnum opus, first in part one which is introductory and preparatory titled The Hidden Teachings Beyond Yoga and last but not least in a revelatory work named The Wisdom of the Overself. According to Joscelyn Godwin, "...Since discovering Brunton's work in the 1960's I have found no reason to discard their philosophical principles."

So here it is for the readers to see for themselves if it leads to Nirvana or an empty High.
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Image and text curtsy: Wikipedia - Click here to read more...

INTRO
Paul Brunton (October 21, 1898 - July 2, 1981) was a British philosopher, mystic, traveller, and guru. He left a journalistic career to live among yogis, mystics, and holy men, and studied Eastern and Western esoteric teachings. Dedicating his life to an inward and spiritual quest, Brunton felt charged to communicate his experiences about what he learned in the east to others. His works had a major influence on the spread of Eastern mysticism to the West. Taking pains to express his thoughts in layperson's terms, Brunton was able to present what he learned from the Orient and from ancient tradition as a living wisdom. His writings express his view that meditation and the inward quest are not exclusively for monks and hermits, but will also support those living normal, active lives in the Western world.

He served in First World War, and later devoted himself to mysticism and came into contact with Theosophists. In the early 1930s, Brunton embarked on a voyage to India, which brought him into contact with such luminaries as Meher Baba, Sri Shankaracharya of Kancheepuram and Sri Ramana Maharshi. Brunton's first visit to Sri Ramanasramam R. took place in 1931. 

Brunton has been credited with introducing Ramana Maharshi to the West through his books "A Search in Secret India" and "The Secret Path".


The following thoughts that I have had got me thinking from the book which I thought will be good to share with my friends….
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“The Secret Path”
Paul Brunton

• Kant said “there were two outstanding wonders of God’s creation. The starry heaven above and the mind of man within.

• The solar system turns without thine aid, Live, Die! The universe is not afraid. - By Zangwill 

• Why is that the thing which interests every man most is – himself? 
Because self is the only reality of which we are certain. All facts of the world around us and all thoughts in the world within us exist for us only when our own self becomes aware of them. Self see the earth and the earth exists. Self is conscious of an idea and the idea exists. (Thoughts of Descartes)

• Berkeley, by the process of acute thinking arrived at the same position. He showed that the material world would be non-existent apart from some mind to conceive it,

• Self is the ultimate – the first things we know as babies; it will be the last thing we shall know as sages.


• First seers, watching the wanderings of thought within their own minds, discovered that there was something which came into action when thinking momentarily stopped. That something was the first faint intimation of the soul

• Eckhart – God is centre of the man

• Thomas A Edison – The hours that I have spent with Mr. Edison have brought me the real big returns of my life; to it I attribute all I have accomplished.


• The morning thinking (meditation) creates a current of spiritual wisdom and strength which will flow beneath the whole of the day’s activities and thoughts. Those who think it folly to attend to our spiritual attitude before we have attended our worldly concerns put second things first and first things second.

• Meditation will produce most results by being regular every day, rather than in fits and starts, because its something that gradually soaks in by repeated. Daily effort.


• The next point to observe is that certain physiological and psychological conditions are advisable if success to be attained with les difficulty. An easy body posture put the mind at ease. A body in discomfort tends to make the mind uneasy.

• There is mysterious quality in twilight which links it with the great spiritual currents that nature releases in regular rhythm.

• Thought control is hard to attain. Its difficulty will astonish you. The brain will rise in mutiny. Like the sea the human mind is ceaselessly active. But it can be done.


• The senses fight and try to cling on to the material world as it’s the nature of senses to be attached to the physical world. The power to hold on to a train of thought with great tenacity, to grasp it with scorpion-ic claws and not let go, is the power to concentrate and makes MEN. Masters of thought are true masters of Men.

• When the moral weakness and emotional unbalances are conjoined with mystical practices, the result is not elevation of mind into spirituality but degeneration of mind into mediumship. The practice of meditation without the cultivation of ethical and intellectual safe guards can lead to self deception, inflated egoism, hallucination and even insanity.

A Technique for self analysis - A great adventure of self-enquiry
A key to success in practice of self analysis is “think very slowly” Second is to formulate your words mentally. 

First watch your own intellect in its working. Note how thoughts follow one another in endless sequence. Then try to realize that there is someone wo thinks. Now ask: Who is this thinker?
Therefore, to know oneself is to find that point of consciousness from which observation of these changing moods may take place. 

This was the celebrated attitude of Descartes. 
He maintained that there mere act of thinking involved the existence of a thinker, of the one who carries on this reflective activity. “Je pense, done je suis”(I think therefore I am), was his famous philosophical proposition. It was a tremendous claim and found its powerful opponents. And its logical result was compelled to infer that this thinking, this “I” was intrinsically immaterial and therefore independent enough to have its own existence apart from the fleshly body with which its nevertheless so intimately bonded. T

Mind is like a restless monkey, but chain it to the post of a single object, tether it to the stake of one line of thought; then only will the monkey recognize you as its master, and be more ready to obey your orders.

Though the man is with the higher power which may be called God, the fact remains that he has lost the consciousness of this unity. And unless he makes observation, or in true prayer, to detach himself increasingly from his external existence, it is unlikely that he will recover this divine consciousness.

Thinking is power which may bind us or set us free. The average man unconsciously uses it for the former purpose; the meditator of self inquiry uses it to gain freedom.

Intuition: Immediate understanding. 
• Rational thought provides us with a splendid instrument wherewith to comprehend life and the world up to a point, but it is a mistake to imagine that it is there for the only instrument available to us. Intuition is one such instrument and many times it works without any conscious effort on our part. 

• When the reasoning, thinking intellect subsides its activity, the intuition has a clear field in which to manifest itself. It’s therefore necessary to find some means to reduce the constant agitation of the intellect. This can be done by a twofold process.  
1. The first consists of an effort to direct thoughts along a single channel of certain kind i.e. concentration upon an exalted abstract idea (Meditation) 
2. Control of breathing: The reason is there exists a profound connection between breath and thought. The movements of breath beat time, in a most remarkable fashion, with the movements of thought. Most people undervalue the powers of the breath but the early Jesuits in the west and the early yogis in India knew better, for they embodied the breathing exercise in their system of training.  

The breathing exercise mentioned here by Paul Brunton is similar to the one as in pranayam, so here I am giving a link of pranayam technique for you all, if interested to follow.





Awakening to the Intuition 
Humility is the first step on the secret path – and it will also be the last. For before the divinity can begin to teach him through its own self-revelation he must first become teachable, i.e. humble.

Intellectual ability and learning are admirable things and adorn a man, but intellectual pride puts up a strong barrier between him and that higher life which is ever calling to him, albeit silently. Hitherto, the entire student’s effort at finding the true self have been positively directed, personally willed, conscious and voluntary. He is now almost at the point where there should be a complete reversal of procedure, where the personality must cease making any further efforts because it has reached the end of its tether.

The whole process of mediation is simply to select this one higher topic of self enquiry out of the multitude of ideas, to think firmly up that alone and of nothing else. Then when the attitude and the quality of concentration are thus strongly developed, the student drops even this special line of thinking withdraws inward and a question who it is that is thinking. One inevitable result of all these practices will be that your attitude towards things, people and events will gradually change. You will begin to express the qualities which are natural to the over self, the qualities of noble outlook, perfect justice, the treatment of one’s neighbour as oneself.

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ॐ नमः शिवाय 
Om Namah Shivaya


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Soundarya Lahri                                                    Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Jul 19, 2010

THE READER: The basis of all yoga practices in the world...

I have been going through lot of intersting stuff claiming to be Yoga, including hot yoga, power yoga, chilly yoga, cat yoga, 10+1 yoga, one on one yoga etc. You think of words what you can and there will be an yoga by that name in the west and now its happening in India too. My wife is currently doing "Power Yoga", my brother advised me to start with some stylish dance yoga as I enjoy dancing but I am sure there is some one doing that, if not in India, atleast in west.
After thoroughly getting distraught with this kind of things I dusted off my book of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and read it again with a view to share some important points with you, so that you, my friends, are atleast aware of what actually yoga is all about. So here I am producing some of the very important sutra's of Patanjali's "Yoga Sutra's" translated from Sanskrit with commentary by SHYAM RANGANATHAN. I have chosen this one book and translation becuase it touched me more. 

PATANJALI'S "YOGA SUTRA"
In the Yoga Sutra, the word primarily stands for meditation or austerities of the mind and secondarily for physical austerities. In Katha Upanishad, the oldest Upanishad to deal with yoga (5BCE), the definition is given as a restraint of the mind and the holding back of the senses. (II.vi.10-11)
Patanjali’ notion that self knowledge is meditated has many implications. If self can only know itself through nature, the self can also misunderstood itself through nature.. Yoga for Patanjali is our effort to make Nature into our shape so that we can know ourselves. This basically means that if we wish to undo our false understanding, we must work with Nature. And since our false understanding is mediated through a turbulent and confused mind, we need to look to the rules of the mind – that is psychology. Patanjali is perhaps first proponent of psychoanalysis. For Patanjali, our pathologies are a result of Samskara-s or tendency – impressions that we acquire from past actions and reactions in light of experiences. If we wish to overcome present pathologies, we need to trace back our Samskara-s to their historical root and abandon events of the type that caused our trauma from our personal narrative, (Yoga Sutra II.7 – 14). Realizing this that its easier said than done, Patanjali provides a broad system and several practical strategies to aid the practitioner overcome their Samskara, including the eight limbs of Yoga.

One can down load the Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra’s at the following place, but here I have listed some of the thoughts and sutra’s that caught my imagination. I am listing them out as the Sutra Nos in the brackets and then the english pronunciations and then the basic meaning. After that some of the Sutra's I have elaborated taking commentaries from Shyam Ranganathan.

Book 1 – Samadhi Pada

(2)  Yogas-citti-vritti-nirodhah
Yoga is the control of the (moral) character of thought.

(5) vrttayah pancatayyah klistaklistah
There are five characters of thought -  some afflicted some not afflicted

(6) Pramanam-viprayaya-vikalpa-nidra-smrtayah
The five epistemic states are; Knowledge, Illusion, verbal delusion, sleep and memory.

(11) Anubhuta-visayasampramosah smrtih
Memory is the prevention of loss of experienced content
For Patanjali, memory is not a passive affair but a result of active effort of the person to hold on to or retain past experiences as part of self understanding. Patanjali later in the Yoga Sutra’s explains that our karmic dispositions (Dispositions to act and manifest life experiences), are barely distinguishable from memories and thus form one category of phenomenon. THIS IS IMPORTANT. It implies that we put effort into defining ourselves through past events that we hold on to, and thus we can also thereby renounce our connection to fixations, attachments and traumas, and REDEFINE ourselves.

(12)Abhyasa-vairagyabhyam tan nirodhah
Continuous endeavor and non-attachment are both required to constrain that (i.e  mentality or memory)
IN order to sever the cord with past events that we carry around with us as an emotional and karmic baggage, we must continuously strive to check it and also attempt to detach ourselves from all that is related to it. This is important; for if memory is a result of our effort, it would seem that we could easily disown memory by ceasing to hold on to it. Patanjali reminds us that it is not so easy to do away with memory. According to Patanjali, we form memories and Samskara as a result of our reactions to the past experiences. This formation sets up psychological disposition that mature in time, to which we react again, often reinforcing the original memory and Samskara. To practice yoga is to constrain the turbulence of mind and to bring it into line with our transcendent nature. When we practice yoga, we dictate terms under which our mind shall operate. Failing this, we play our part in pathological patterns that we reaffirm by setting up and not resisting the feedback mechanism that aid in the retention of past experiences. Failure to take full control of our mind, we are nonetheless complicit in the pathologies of our mind, for we facilitate our pathologies through our reactions to feedback mechanism and stimuli. For this reason, memory is something we do, as previous sutra noted, but its not something that we always do in our best interest. Our long term interest is in setting up resistance to the forces of the mind and the practical means of doing this is the substance of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra.

(13) tatra sthitau yatnobhyasah
Abiding (in the true nature of the self) is the result of wills determination to stay in that stillness.

(14) Sa tu dirgha-kala-nairantarya-satkarasevito drdha-bhumih
(The abiding is) verily procured when it is cultivated assiduously for a long time without interruption, and with reverence for it is then resolute and grounded.

(17) Vitarka-vicaranandasmita-rupanugamat samprajnatah
The cognitive stat4e focusing on the single object (for example, the person) can be brought about by logical analysis, introsp3ctive inquiry, bliss or the keen awareness of individuality.
According to this Sutra, it is possible for some one to be in a state of engrossment with one’s true self as a result of philosophical debate, introspections, a good feeling or attention to one’s individuality. Some call it Samadhi but according to Patanjali its not.

(21) tivra-samveganam-asannah
(Success in yoga is ) near for those who are intense.

(27) Tasya vacakah pranavah
The syllable “OM” is its significator.
This tells us that Sacred Mantra OM refers to Isvara

(28) taj-japas-tad-artha- bhavanam
through repetition, the meaning of OM comes to life
The meaning of OM comes to live in our lives, thus allowing Isvara to be our teacher.

(29) Tatah pratyak-cetanadhigamo’pyantarayabhavas-ca
Hence (one is lead) inward to the knowledge of consciousness, intelligence and volition (the characteristics of Purusa), and also the nullification of the impediments to that knowledge.
Submitting to Isvara has a particular effect, according to Patanjali, it redirects our attention from external matters to knowledge of the three characteristics of the purusas – captured in the Sanskrit term Cetna – which are consciousness, intelligence and volition. It also has the effect of getting rid of impediments to knowledge.
The person have free will is significant, for it means that they are not only responsible for their present state of bondage, but they have the power to become free under the right conditions too.

(32) Tat-pratisedhartham eka-tattvabhyasah
One can avoid the significance of these obstacles (to the practice of Yoga) by the implementation of just one of the following truths.
With this sutra, Patanjali gives seven sutra, for the remedy to the obstacles to the practice of yoga, which is as given below.

(33) Maitri-karuna-muditopeksanam sukha-dukha-punyapunya-visayanam bhavanatas-citta-prasadanam
Mentality brightens,and gets to be of a serene disposition and good humor, when one takes on an attitude of friendliness towards the pleasantm of compassion for those who suffer, of joy for the meritorious, and of equanimity towards the unmeritorious.
First consists of four practices: friendliness, compassion, joy and equanimity

(34) Pracchardana-vidharanabhyam va pranasya
Or by the expulsion and retention of breath – Pranayam

(35) visyavati va pravrttir-utpanna manasah sthiti-nibandhani
By binding the mind into stillness to observe the contents of the mind as they arise.

(36) Visoka va jyotismati
By setting the heart on being luminescent and free from sorrow. (Be positive)

(37) Vitragavisayam na cittam
By thoughts free from objects of desire

(38) Svapana-nidra-jnanalambanam va
By insights gained from sleep and dream states

(39) yathabhimata-dhyanad-va
Or in the manner of deep spiritual meditation upon a spiritual symbol or object that one find agreeable.

Book II
(1) Tapas svadhyayesvara-pranidhanani kriya-yogah
Action in yoga consists of penance, study (of the Vedas or self) and surrendering to the Lord
Yoga consists of three general practices: Tapas, Svadhyaya and Isvara Pranidhana

(7) Sukhanusayi ragah
Attachment is a residue of pleasant experience

(11) Dhyana-heyas-tad-vrttayah
Thoughts of these (attachments and aversions) can be abandoned through meditation or a spiritual character (Dhyana)
Patanjali has a very realistic view of the promise of psychoanalysis. He believes that to deal with lingering effects of past trauma, one should resort to meditation of a spiritual character like Isvara or any native spiritual practice

(12) Klesa-mulah kramasayo drstadrsta-janma-vedaniyah
Root of affliction is past action. It’s latent, seen or unseen, and stays with us through births in the form of experiences that produce further karma.
If we wish to be rid of our present afflictions, we must find a way to sever the root that nourishes such afflictions, and yoga is the means.

(29) Yama-niyamsana-pranayama-pratyahara- dharana-dhyana-samadhayo’stav-angani
The eight limbs of yoga are:
            1) Moral conduct
            2) Observance
            3) Posture
            4) Control of breath
            5) Withdrawal of the sense from their objects
            6) Fixed Concentration
            7) Abstract spiritual meditation, and
            8) Trance states of absolute absorption

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