Om Namah Shivaya

Om Namah Shivaya

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Showing posts with label Yoga Sutra. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Yoga Sutra. Show all posts

Jul 10, 2011

READER : OSHO on Patanjali's Yoga Sutra - Secrets of Yoga

I have been hearing about OSHO and his charismatic talks as well as unique approach to sexuality, religion and spirituality since decades but never had the urge to read his transcription of talks (He never wrote any book, he gave talks that his disciples and followers made into books). Though I have been to Poona many times but never did enter his ashram (A- It was procedure driven and takes time, and I was always on business trip to the city, so never had the time; B- Never could relate to his thoughts at inner level; C- It was more geared up towards western followers, so it was a big put off for me) but as I have read Patanjali’s ‘Yoga Sutra’ (To read my feature on the same, please click here... ) and when this book “Secrets of Yoga” based on the talks by OSHO on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, appeared in one of my searches for books to read, I decided to read it and understand the thoughts behind the man, whose followers called him “Bhagwan Rajneesh” – God Rajneesh.

I liked some of his explanation and some were just geared up towards western followers so it was a mixed feeling but one thing that did come through reading the book, was that he has a different point of view – sometimes not very comfortable, some time outrageous but sometimes carried gem of thought within that touched me. One thing that did stand out was his palpable aversion to the present common Indian religious doctrine that is prevalent in India at the superficial level. So here is my gist from the book, thoughts that I liked and sometimes did not.

But before getting into the book, let me give you a brief biography of Chandra Mohan Jain also known as Bhagwan Rajneesh.

Brief Biography
Curtsey - Wikipedia

Osho, born Chandra Mohan Jain (11 December 1931 – 19 January 1990), also known as Acharya Rajneesh from the 1960s onwards, as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh during the 1970s and 1980s and as Osho from 1989, was an Indian mystic, guru, and spiritual teacher who garnered an international following.

A professor of philosophy, he travelled throughout India in the 1960s as a public speaker. His outspoken criticism of socialism, Mahatma Gandhi and institutionalised religion made him controversial. He also advocated a more open attitude towards sexuality, a stance that earned him the sobriquet "sex guru" in the Indian and later international press. In 1970, he settled for a while in Bombay. He began initiating disciples (known as neo-sannyasins) and took on the role of a spiritual teacher. In his discourses, he reinterpreted writings of religious traditions, mystics, and philosophers from around the world. Moving to Poona in 1974, he established an ashram that attracted increasing numbers of Westerners.

In 1981, Osho relocated to the United States and his followers established an intentional community, later known as Rajneeshpuram, in the state of Oregon. Within a year the leadership of the commune became embroiled in a conflict with local residents, primarily over land use, which was marked by hostility on both sides. Osho's large collection of Rolls-Royce automobiles was also notorious. He was deported from the United States in accordance with a plea bargain. Twenty-one countries denied him entry, causing Osho to travel the world before returning to Poona, where he died in 1990. His ashram is today known as the Osho International Meditation Resort.
His syncretic teachings emphasise the importance of meditation, awareness, love, celebration, courage, creativity and humour—qualities that he viewed as being suppressed by adherence to static belief systems, religious tradition and socialisation. His teachings have had a notable impact on Western New Age thought, and their popularity has increased markedly since his death.

NOW HERE IS MY SELECTION OF THOUGHTS FROM THE BOOK

Osho – Secrets of Yoga
Patanjali needs great attention because there are very, very rare people who can be compared to the height of Patanjali, to his scientific attitude. He has made religion almost a science. He has brought religion out of all mystifications, but the interpretations have been trying to force all his sutras back again into the world of mystifications. That is a vested interest.

Secrets of Death and Karma
Death is of ego. If the ego exists, death exists. The moment the ego disappears, death disappears. You are not going to die, remember; but if you think you are, you are going to die.

The ego knows emptiness, it’s always unfulfilled. By the very nature, by its very intrinsic nature, it cannot attain fulfillment.

Sutra is a very condensed thing. A sutra is like a seed. You have to accept it deep down in your heart; your heart has to become a soil for it. Then it sprouts, and then the meaning.

A sutra is a seed. Intellectually, it’s very easy to understand it. Existentially, to attain to its meaning is arduous. That’s what Patanjali would like everyone to understand from...

Buddha is right when he says, ‘If you can see death, death will not be able to see you.’ Because the moment you see death you have transcended death.

Death is a God given gift. It’s a great opportunity to pass through. It can become a breakthrough: if you can die alert, conscious, and aware, you will never be born again – and there will be no death anymore.
The whole life is nothing but a learning about death, a preparation for death.

The sex act is a very minor death: and one who can achieve deep orgasm is one who allows himself to die in love.

Death is the greatest orgasm there is.

Religion is the search for the deathless, but that deathless is possible only through the door of death.

Types of Karma :
Sanchit – the total of all your past lives.
Prarabdha- the part of sanchit that you have to full fil in this life, which has to be worked out in this life.
Kriyaman – Day to day karma

Too much change erodes your being, splits you. Hence the eastern insistence to create a love in which you can remain for a longer period (if not a life time) as long as possible.

Each moment there are millions of opportunities to see God but you are not there. He comes and knocks at your door, but you are noth there, you are never found there. You go on roaming around the world. This roaming as to be stopped; that is what is the meaning of dharma. Dharana is the first step of the great synthesis of samyama

People like Patanjali are so cautious; they have to be cautious because of you. First he tells how to attain to samyama; immediately he talks about compassion and friendliness; then talks about power. Because if you have compassion then power cannot be misused

In yoga terminology, man is in a subtle way a small universe, condensed into a small existence.

Becoming is dreaming; being is truth

Whenever you fight, the ego cannot be transcended, because the ego lives by fight, struggle. So by overcoming, ego is never overcome. The more you will try, the more you will become egoist. Of course now your ego will be religious, holy pious. And remember whenever your ego becomes pious it becomes more subtle and more dangerous – it’s purified poison.

The Indians have become like parrots; they go on repeating without understanding, because if you understand then there is no need for any Bhagwat Gita. Your own divine song arises; you start your own singing.

All Indians, almost all, have become imitators; they have false faces, masks. And they go on thinking the country is very religious. It’s not: it’s one of the most cunning countries in the world.

Samyama can be described because samyama is the method. Enlightenment cannot be described. It happens out of samyama.

Enlightenment is like love: if you have fallen in love, you know what it is, but if somebody asks what is love, you will get puzzled.

Men can have one orgasm at a time, women can have multiple orgasms. A man can make love to only one woman at a time; a woman can make love to as many people as she wants. If a woman is allowed total freedom, no man will be adequate eough to satisfy her – no man.

Sex energy gives you life. The more you use sex energy, the more death comes closer. Hence, yogis become so afraid of releasing sex energy.

Each centre (chakra) is a star in your inner sky, and each centre has to be known and you have to bring your samyama on it, because it has many mysteries hidden behind it. It will reveal them to you. You are a great book – the greatest – unless you read yourself, all reading is useless.

Except your awareness, everything is constantly moving. Once you this witness, you will be able to see how fast everything else is moving.

When consciousness is perfect, breathing almost stops. But don’t be worried; that is not death. That is simply stillness. The whole effort of you is to bring you to such stillness that it cannot be broken by anything, to such a state of consciousness that cannot be disturbed.

The whole effort (of yoga) is how to find the permanent, how to find the one behind many, how to find the unmoving behind all the changes, the flux – how to find the deathless, how to find the beyond. Your habits will create trouble because you have lived with wrong habits for so long.

Your mind is conditioned for wrong habits – you always divide. Your whole intellect has been trained to divide and dissect and make many out of one. Mans lived up to now through the intellect, and he has forgotten how to put them together.

Science has come to discover the atom, and yoga came to discover Atma (Soul); Atom means minutest, and atma means biggest. Yoga came to know the whole and to realise total....

Man means mind
Ego is nothing but the false substitute for the self.

The problem is not with Mansoor, Krishna or Jesus, (Who declared themselves as God) the problem is with you. You cannot understand the language of no Ego. They just said what was truth...

We understand the language that we have lived up to now.

An enlightened person is the one who knows who he is, so there is no need to carry false identity.

When you love – if you have ever loved – you are not lover, you become love.

When you see a flower, you don’t say it’s beautiful, there is no need – it’s beautiful without you saying so. You don’t add any more beauty to it by saying so. So what is the point.

Once you are in tune with your inner man and woman, suddenly you are in tune with others also. That is what Patanjali’s whole effort is: how to transform the Solar energy (masculine) into lunar energy (feminine). And then how to be a witness to both: meeting, merging, becoming one: how to be transcendental to them.

A holy man has no mind
However virtuous, the mind remains unholy because the mind can not be whole.

It’s not that you breathe,; on the contrary, the whole breathes you.

Drop memories and imagination. Be here now

The meeting of Sun and Moon
Matter is the beginning, God the end. Man is the bridge: matter passes through amn and is transformed into God.... God is evolving through you; God is becoming through you.

Yoga has mapped the whole journey, the whole pilgrimage of man; from sex to Samadhi, from lowest centre, muladhar to the highest centre, the very peak, the pinnacle of evolution, the sahasrar.

Whenever there is light things are separate and then comes the darkness of the night and everything disappears –  the separation. Everything is one.

When science and poetry meet, then a perfect world is possible. Otherwise, intellect goes on condemning intuition; intuition goes on condemning intellect.

Man is yet a form without content. The content has to be achieved, the great alchemy has to be achieved. ... you have to bring your energy from the Muladhar , from the sex centre, upward to sahasrar

YOU CANNOT CORNER A MAD MAN
A Buddha is not a man who has all answers; A Buddha is a a man who has no questions.

Love is food for intuition. If you are not loved, your intuition will not develop.

Avoid and escape from anybody who is on any ego trip because the possibility is he will give you some infection or the other.

Laughter is so spiritual. Nothing like it. When you laugh deeply all tension disappears.

When you become enlightened, there is no need to say anything about it. You will not really be able to say anything; all yuour thinking will stop. It is so tremendously silent. And it has such absolute authority that there is no need to ask anybody.

BEYOND THE ERROR OF EXPERIENCING
And to be desireless of the other is to attain to your pristine clarity of being. Then you are, and you are the whole, and there exists nobody except you. This Patanjali calls Kaivalya.

And the way, the path, toward Kaivalya is: first, the most essential step, vivek, discrimination; the second important step is vairagya, renunciation; and the third is the realisation of kaivalya, aloneness.

The spiritual is only a realisation of pure awareness, purush.

In Patanjali, God is absolute, pure presence. He does not do anything, but by His presence, things happen – the prakriti, the nature, starts dancing.

When one person dies, only one reflection dies. But the one who is being reflected remains undying; it is deathless.

Thinking is just dreaming logically, it is creating verbal; palaces; and sometimes one can get caught so much in the verbal, then one completely forgets the real. The verbal is just reflection.

What Buddha says is reflection, what Patanjali says is a reflection, what I am saying is reflection; don’t get caught in it. If the reflection is so beautiful, try reality.

Women are more intuitive; they live by hunches, they suddenly jump to conclusions – that is why it’s very difficult to argue with a woman – she has already arrived at the conclusion, argument is not needed.

You are looking at me; your eyes are just the holes in the body, but you the seer inside. If you can get out of the body, the same will happen as will happen if you can open the door and can come out in the open sky.

Yoga says come out, get out, go beyond. Get out of these holes, and you will become all knowing, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent. This is pratibha.

The real seeker goes on sacrificing whatsoever he attains, and he remains always empty of attainment. That is spirituality: to remain always empty of attainment, and whatever comes by the way, one goes on sacrificing it.

ALWAYS REMEMBER TO LAUGH TWICE
Just watch and in watching, one, suddenly the consciousness takes a shift, changes, a Radical change – from the object, suddenly, it starts focussing on the subject, if you are a watcher. In that moment you know that you are not the mind.

There is no technique of awareness. You have to be aware to be aware.

What is the technique of love? You have to love to know what love is.

‘Seeing it’ is something which has nothing to do with the mind.

(In deep danger) the mind is put aside and you function out of no-mind, you function out of your being.

Your being can exist without the mind; there is no necessity for the mind to be there. Its just a structure that is useful in the society, but don’t get too fixated with the structure. Remain loose so that you can slip out of it. It’s difficult but if you start doing it, by and by, you will be able to.

The failure (failure to quit smoking, dieting etc) becomes permanent thing in you. By and by you start becoming driftwood; you say, ‘I cannot do anything.’ And if you feel you cannot do, then who can do.

Mind lives on your energy, it lives on your failure; it lives on your defeated self, defeated will.

You rather the silent and listen; in silence, there is no-mind. In small gaps, when there is no word, there is no-mind. Mind is absolutely linguistic – its language. So start slipping into the gaps. Sometimes just see, as if you are an idiot. Not thinking, just seeing.

If you can sit for one hour like an idiot every day, you will attain (enlightenment)

In that utter silence, one comes to perfection, to the very peak of life, of existence.

If you are really doing well, no encouragement is needed... the need arises because of an inner ambiguity, an inner confusion, an inner vagueness, an inner uncertainty.

All encouragement, all inspiration, is dangerous – it puffs you up. The ego enjoys it very much, but ego is your illness, your disease. You don’t need encouragement; you need understanding, you need clarity to see.

There is no need to compete with anybody; there is no need to prove anything. You are already proved! You are there; the existence has accepted you, given you birth. God has already made an abode in you. What more you need?

Zen is very pure; eyes filled with doctrine miss it. Zen is so pure that even a single word arise in your mind and you miss it. Zen is an indication.

Zen people are sincere but no serious: sometimes so sincere that they look almost profane.

TO KNOW WHAT IS
Nietzsche declared that God is dead and man is free now, but infact once God is dead and man is not there.. Then man is just matter, nothing more explainable, is a mystery no more, has depth no more, has infinity no more, and has meaning no more, significance no more, is just an accident – has appeared accidently, will disappear accidently.

If Nietzsche comes back, he will not be able to believe what has happened; the more the scientific mind penetrated into matter, the more it came to know that matter does not exist. God Survived, matter died....

The deeper scientific penetration became, the deeper they came to understand that it is energy not matter.

Unless you come to know prana within yourself, you will not be able to know what God is. And if you cannot know it within yourself, you can no know it without, because within you it is so close.

If you go within, you have found the shortest route to know what is.

If I say I am God, it becomes an offence. I am simply saying that you can also become Gods, never settle for less. But you feel offended. And you are living only 2% of your possibilities; 98% are being wasted.

If you can blaze to your utmost, you become God.

When your prana flowers, you are God. Right now, your prana is just crawling the earth – not even standing or walking.

If you come across Buddhahood; you will only see his body. Because you can see only that which you are, you cannot see anything more. You are your confinement.

Don’t crawl; stand up. Upanishads say,’Uttishtha jagarat prapya varnanni bodhayat’ – Stand up; become aware, because to become aware is the only way to stand up, to rise and soar high.

The cause of bonding is identification... ‘if you can loosen it a little, relax it a little, if you can uproot yourself from your body and mind, you will attain to a very great experience; and that experience is: you can enter into another’s body.

God comes at the moment of absolute, utter sacrifice.

NOWHERE TO GO
I want to take all the paths away. Pathless, not knowing where to go, you will go in. If all your paths – all the possibilities to escape from yourself – are taken away, what will you to? You will be yourself.

Competition is one of the most irreligious thing in the world. But that’s what everybody is doing.

Your whole enjoyment is always just comparative... you are alone, tremendously alone. You are unique, you are alone, you are one; and there is nobody else there to be compared with.
___________
ॐ नमः शिवाय 
Om Namah Shivaya

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The secret of Chaos

Jul 19, 2010

THE READER: The basis of all yoga practices in the world...

I have been going through lot of intersting stuff claiming to be Yoga, including hot yoga, power yoga, chilly yoga, cat yoga, 10+1 yoga, one on one yoga etc. You think of words what you can and there will be an yoga by that name in the west and now its happening in India too. My wife is currently doing "Power Yoga", my brother advised me to start with some stylish dance yoga as I enjoy dancing but I am sure there is some one doing that, if not in India, atleast in west.
After thoroughly getting distraught with this kind of things I dusted off my book of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and read it again with a view to share some important points with you, so that you, my friends, are atleast aware of what actually yoga is all about. So here I am producing some of the very important sutra's of Patanjali's "Yoga Sutra's" translated from Sanskrit with commentary by SHYAM RANGANATHAN. I have chosen this one book and translation becuase it touched me more. 

PATANJALI'S "YOGA SUTRA"
In the Yoga Sutra, the word primarily stands for meditation or austerities of the mind and secondarily for physical austerities. In Katha Upanishad, the oldest Upanishad to deal with yoga (5BCE), the definition is given as a restraint of the mind and the holding back of the senses. (II.vi.10-11)
Patanjali’ notion that self knowledge is meditated has many implications. If self can only know itself through nature, the self can also misunderstood itself through nature.. Yoga for Patanjali is our effort to make Nature into our shape so that we can know ourselves. This basically means that if we wish to undo our false understanding, we must work with Nature. And since our false understanding is mediated through a turbulent and confused mind, we need to look to the rules of the mind – that is psychology. Patanjali is perhaps first proponent of psychoanalysis. For Patanjali, our pathologies are a result of Samskara-s or tendency – impressions that we acquire from past actions and reactions in light of experiences. If we wish to overcome present pathologies, we need to trace back our Samskara-s to their historical root and abandon events of the type that caused our trauma from our personal narrative, (Yoga Sutra II.7 – 14). Realizing this that its easier said than done, Patanjali provides a broad system and several practical strategies to aid the practitioner overcome their Samskara, including the eight limbs of Yoga.

One can down load the Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra’s at the following place, but here I have listed some of the thoughts and sutra’s that caught my imagination. I am listing them out as the Sutra Nos in the brackets and then the english pronunciations and then the basic meaning. After that some of the Sutra's I have elaborated taking commentaries from Shyam Ranganathan.

Book 1 – Samadhi Pada

(2)  Yogas-citti-vritti-nirodhah
Yoga is the control of the (moral) character of thought.

(5) vrttayah pancatayyah klistaklistah
There are five characters of thought -  some afflicted some not afflicted

(6) Pramanam-viprayaya-vikalpa-nidra-smrtayah
The five epistemic states are; Knowledge, Illusion, verbal delusion, sleep and memory.

(11) Anubhuta-visayasampramosah smrtih
Memory is the prevention of loss of experienced content
For Patanjali, memory is not a passive affair but a result of active effort of the person to hold on to or retain past experiences as part of self understanding. Patanjali later in the Yoga Sutra’s explains that our karmic dispositions (Dispositions to act and manifest life experiences), are barely distinguishable from memories and thus form one category of phenomenon. THIS IS IMPORTANT. It implies that we put effort into defining ourselves through past events that we hold on to, and thus we can also thereby renounce our connection to fixations, attachments and traumas, and REDEFINE ourselves.

(12)Abhyasa-vairagyabhyam tan nirodhah
Continuous endeavor and non-attachment are both required to constrain that (i.e  mentality or memory)
IN order to sever the cord with past events that we carry around with us as an emotional and karmic baggage, we must continuously strive to check it and also attempt to detach ourselves from all that is related to it. This is important; for if memory is a result of our effort, it would seem that we could easily disown memory by ceasing to hold on to it. Patanjali reminds us that it is not so easy to do away with memory. According to Patanjali, we form memories and Samskara as a result of our reactions to the past experiences. This formation sets up psychological disposition that mature in time, to which we react again, often reinforcing the original memory and Samskara. To practice yoga is to constrain the turbulence of mind and to bring it into line with our transcendent nature. When we practice yoga, we dictate terms under which our mind shall operate. Failing this, we play our part in pathological patterns that we reaffirm by setting up and not resisting the feedback mechanism that aid in the retention of past experiences. Failure to take full control of our mind, we are nonetheless complicit in the pathologies of our mind, for we facilitate our pathologies through our reactions to feedback mechanism and stimuli. For this reason, memory is something we do, as previous sutra noted, but its not something that we always do in our best interest. Our long term interest is in setting up resistance to the forces of the mind and the practical means of doing this is the substance of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra.

(13) tatra sthitau yatnobhyasah
Abiding (in the true nature of the self) is the result of wills determination to stay in that stillness.

(14) Sa tu dirgha-kala-nairantarya-satkarasevito drdha-bhumih
(The abiding is) verily procured when it is cultivated assiduously for a long time without interruption, and with reverence for it is then resolute and grounded.

(17) Vitarka-vicaranandasmita-rupanugamat samprajnatah
The cognitive stat4e focusing on the single object (for example, the person) can be brought about by logical analysis, introsp3ctive inquiry, bliss or the keen awareness of individuality.
According to this Sutra, it is possible for some one to be in a state of engrossment with one’s true self as a result of philosophical debate, introspections, a good feeling or attention to one’s individuality. Some call it Samadhi but according to Patanjali its not.

(21) tivra-samveganam-asannah
(Success in yoga is ) near for those who are intense.

(27) Tasya vacakah pranavah
The syllable “OM” is its significator.
This tells us that Sacred Mantra OM refers to Isvara

(28) taj-japas-tad-artha- bhavanam
through repetition, the meaning of OM comes to life
The meaning of OM comes to live in our lives, thus allowing Isvara to be our teacher.

(29) Tatah pratyak-cetanadhigamo’pyantarayabhavas-ca
Hence (one is lead) inward to the knowledge of consciousness, intelligence and volition (the characteristics of Purusa), and also the nullification of the impediments to that knowledge.
Submitting to Isvara has a particular effect, according to Patanjali, it redirects our attention from external matters to knowledge of the three characteristics of the purusas – captured in the Sanskrit term Cetna – which are consciousness, intelligence and volition. It also has the effect of getting rid of impediments to knowledge.
The person have free will is significant, for it means that they are not only responsible for their present state of bondage, but they have the power to become free under the right conditions too.

(32) Tat-pratisedhartham eka-tattvabhyasah
One can avoid the significance of these obstacles (to the practice of Yoga) by the implementation of just one of the following truths.
With this sutra, Patanjali gives seven sutra, for the remedy to the obstacles to the practice of yoga, which is as given below.

(33) Maitri-karuna-muditopeksanam sukha-dukha-punyapunya-visayanam bhavanatas-citta-prasadanam
Mentality brightens,and gets to be of a serene disposition and good humor, when one takes on an attitude of friendliness towards the pleasantm of compassion for those who suffer, of joy for the meritorious, and of equanimity towards the unmeritorious.
First consists of four practices: friendliness, compassion, joy and equanimity

(34) Pracchardana-vidharanabhyam va pranasya
Or by the expulsion and retention of breath – Pranayam

(35) visyavati va pravrttir-utpanna manasah sthiti-nibandhani
By binding the mind into stillness to observe the contents of the mind as they arise.

(36) Visoka va jyotismati
By setting the heart on being luminescent and free from sorrow. (Be positive)

(37) Vitragavisayam na cittam
By thoughts free from objects of desire

(38) Svapana-nidra-jnanalambanam va
By insights gained from sleep and dream states

(39) yathabhimata-dhyanad-va
Or in the manner of deep spiritual meditation upon a spiritual symbol or object that one find agreeable.

Book II
(1) Tapas svadhyayesvara-pranidhanani kriya-yogah
Action in yoga consists of penance, study (of the Vedas or self) and surrendering to the Lord
Yoga consists of three general practices: Tapas, Svadhyaya and Isvara Pranidhana

(7) Sukhanusayi ragah
Attachment is a residue of pleasant experience

(11) Dhyana-heyas-tad-vrttayah
Thoughts of these (attachments and aversions) can be abandoned through meditation or a spiritual character (Dhyana)
Patanjali has a very realistic view of the promise of psychoanalysis. He believes that to deal with lingering effects of past trauma, one should resort to meditation of a spiritual character like Isvara or any native spiritual practice

(12) Klesa-mulah kramasayo drstadrsta-janma-vedaniyah
Root of affliction is past action. It’s latent, seen or unseen, and stays with us through births in the form of experiences that produce further karma.
If we wish to be rid of our present afflictions, we must find a way to sever the root that nourishes such afflictions, and yoga is the means.

(29) Yama-niyamsana-pranayama-pratyahara- dharana-dhyana-samadhayo’stav-angani
The eight limbs of yoga are:
            1) Moral conduct
            2) Observance
            3) Posture
            4) Control of breath
            5) Withdrawal of the sense from their objects
            6) Fixed Concentration
            7) Abstract spiritual meditation, and
            8) Trance states of absolute absorption

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